The Story of Makar Sankranti in hindi: Makar Sankranti kab hai
Makar Sankranti, one of the most auspicious festivals in India, marks the transition of the Sun into the zodiac sign Capricorn (Makara). Celebrated with great fervor and devotion across the country, this festival signifies the end of the winter solstice and the beginning of longer days. Its deep cultural and spiritual significance is rooted in ancient traditions, mythology, and agrarian practices. This article delves into the rich tapestry of stories, customs, and beliefs surrounding Makar Sankranti.
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| story of makar sankranti in hindi | makar Sankranti kab hai |
Astronomical Significance of Makar Sankranti
Makar Sankranti is celebrated when the Sun moves from the zodiac sign Sagittarius (Dhanu) to Capricorn (Makara). This transition is significant in Vedic astrology as it heralds Uttarayana, the northward movement of the Sun. Uttarayana is considered a time of auspiciousness and positivity, symbolizing enlightenment and spiritual growth. It marks the Sun's journey towards longer and warmer days, a phenomenon that has deep scientific and spiritual implications.
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| story of makar sankranti in hindi | makar Sankranti kab hai |
This shift in the Sun's position was noted by ancient astronomers and astrologers, who recognized its importance in regulating agricultural and spiritual calendars. The festival aligns with the harvest season, making it a time to express gratitude to nature for its abundance.
thological Stories Associated with Makar Sankranti
Makar Sankranti is steeped in mythological lore, each story offering unique insights into the festival's significance.
1. The Legend of Bhishma Pitamah
One of the most well-known stories associated with Makar Sankranti is that of Bhishma Pitamah from the Mahabharata. Bhishma, a revered figure known for his vow of celibacy and unparalleled wisdom, was granted the boon of Ichcha Mrityu (the power to choose the time of his death). He chose to leave his mortal body on Makar Sankranti, during Uttarayana, as it is believed that a soul departing during this period attains liberation (moksha). This story underscores the spiritual importance of the festival.
2. The Defeat of Sankarasur
Another legend revolves around the demon Sankarasur, who terrorized the Earth and disrupted the lives of its inhabitants. Lord Vishnu, in his divine wisdom, defeated Sankarasur on Makar Sankranti. This victory symbolizes the triumph of good over evil and the restoration of dharma (righteousness). The festival, thus, is a celebration of light and positivity prevailing over darkness and negativity.
3. Surya and His Son Shani
The festival also highlights the relationship between the Sun (Surya) and his son Shani (Saturn). According to mythology, Surya and Shani had a strained relationship, but on Makar Sankranti, Surya visits his son’s house, symbolizing reconciliation and the importance of familial bonds. This story teaches the value of forgiveness, understanding, and harmony within relationships.
Agrarian Roots and the Celebration of Harvest
India, being an agrarian society, has always celebrated nature’s bounty with gratitude. Makar Sankranti coincides with the end of the Rabi crop harvest. Farmers, having reaped their fields, express their gratitude to the Sun God, who is believed to be the source of energy and life. The festival serves as a reminder of the interconnectedness of humans with nature and the importance of sustainable practices.
Customs and Rituals Across India
Makar Sankranti is celebrated in diverse ways across India, with each region adding its unique cultural flavor.
1. Uttar Pradesh and Bihar
In these states, people take a holy dip in rivers like the Ganges, Yamuna, and Sarayu. This act is believed to purify the soul and wash away sins. The tradition of donating sesame seeds (til) and jaggery (gur) is significant, as it symbolizes purification and charity.
2. Tamil Nadu (Pongal)
In Tamil Nadu, Makar Sankranti is celebrated as Pongal, a four-day festival. The first day, Bhogi, is dedicated to discarding old items and embracing the new. The second day, Pongal, involves cooking a sweet dish made of rice, milk, and jaggery, offered to the Sun God. The third day, Mattu Pongal, honors cattle for their contribution to farming, and the fourth day, Kaanum Pongal, is a day of family gatherings.
3. Gujarat and Rajasthan (Uttarayan)
In Gujarat and Rajasthan, the sky comes alive with colorful kites. Kite flying is a symbolic act representing the connection between humans and the divine. The kites soaring in the sky signify the prayers and aspirations of people reaching the heavens.
4. Maharashtra
In Maharashtra, Makar Sankranti is marked by the exchange of sweets made from sesame seeds and jaggery, accompanied by the phrase "Tilgul ghya ani god bola" (Accept this sweet and speak sweetly). This practice fosters harmony and goodwill among people.
5. Punjab and Haryana (Lohri)
In Punjab and Haryana, the festival is preceded by Lohri, celebrated on the eve of Makar Sankranti. A bonfire is lit, and people gather around it to sing and dance, expressing gratitude for a good harvest. The next day, Maghi, is celebrated with feasting and kite flying.
6. West Bengal (Poush Sankranti)
In West Bengal, Makar Sankranti is observed as Poush Sankranti. The Ganga Sagar Mela, held at the confluence of the Ganges and the Bay of Bengal, attracts thousands of pilgrims who take a holy dip and offer prayers. Traditional sweets like "pitha" and "patishapta" are prepared using rice flour, coconut, and jaggery.
Beyond its cultural and agrarian aspects, Makar Sankranti has profound spiritual significance. The transition of the Sun into Capricorn is considered a period of spiritual awakening and self-realization. It is a time to let go of past negativities and embrace positivity and hope. The Sun, symbolizing knowledge and enlightenment, inspires individuals to rise above ignorance and lead a virtuous life.
Global Celebrations Similar to Makar Sankranti
The essence of Makar Sankranti, celebrating the Sun and the harvest, resonates in various cultures worldwide.
Stonehenge, England: The winter solstice is celebrated with gatherings at Stonehenge, acknowledging the Sun's importance.
Lohri, India: A similar festival, emphasizing harvest and gratitude.
Thanksgiving, USA: Though different in timing, Thanksgiving shares the theme of expressing gratitude for nature's bounty.
Conclusion
Makar Sankranti is more than just a festival; it is a celebration of life, nature, and spirituality. It bridges the gap between the physical and the divine, urging people to cultivate gratitude, harmony, and enlightenment. Its diverse customs and traditions reflect the unity in diversity that defines India.
As we celebrate Makar Sankranti, let us honor its teachings of positivity, sustainability, and spiritual growth, carrying forward the legacy of this ancient festival into modern times.
Written by
Arun Verma